Kathmandu
Kathmandu
Accommodation: Tea House/Lodges
3 Course Meals (B, L, D)
Moderate
4060 m/13320 ft
Trekking and Cultural Immersion
18 Days
159 km (98.80 miles)
Scenic Trails, Buddhist Monasteries (Mu Gumba, Rachen Gumba and Gonhgye Gumba)
Longest Mani Walls (over 250 m) at Dzong and Phurbe, Mt. Manaslu (8th Highest in the World), Tibetan Culture
Tsum Valley Trek – An offbeat trekking in the foothill of Manaslu & Ganesh that caters the unexplored landscapes and authentic Buddhist culture in the monasteries dotted in remote highland villages!
Until 2008, the Tsum Valley trekking was off-limits to external trekkers. Now a protected conservation area, it harbors rare and elusive wildlife that thrives in its seclusion. The valley offers rugged mountain trails, lush pine and rhododendron forests, and picturesque valleys and rivers. Visitors can explore ancient Buddhist monasteries and engage with monks and lamas. Dominating the landscape is Mount Manaslu, the world’s 8th highest peak. You can also visit the historic cave where the revered Buddhist scholar and yogi, Milarepa, meditated centuries ago.
The local culture, deeply influenced by Tibetan traditions, reflects the heritage of many who migrated from Tibet long ago. Enjoy breathtaking views across the border into Tibet and experience the thrill of crossing high suspension and cantilever bridges with rushing rivers below.
The Tsum Valley is a sacred Himalayan pilgrimage valley situated in northern Gorkha district of Nepal. Tsum comes from the Tibetan word “Tsombo” which means vivid. The trail heads up the valley of the Budi Gandaki River through wild and unexplored country inhabited mainly by members of the Gurung ethnic groups. Good cup of the local cultivated natural coffee and Tatopani hot springs will help you to relax on this intensive trial.
Upper Tsum Valley (part of the Inner Himalaya) is open from Chhokaung Paro, where hospitable local people (Tibetan group “Tsombo”) welcome you with traditional Tibetan Chiya (butter tea) and local meal. The Tsum Valley is extremely rich in cultural assets. The valley is dotted with gumbas (Buddhist monasteries), chortens and mani walls. The longest mani walls (over 250m) are at Dzong and Phurpe. The people here never slaughter animals, even as sacrifice to the gods. The Tsum Valley is surrounded by the Buddha Himal and Himal Chuli to the west, Ganesh Himal to the south, and Sringi Himal to the North.
It’s a panoramic thrill flying into Kathmandu on a clear day. The views of snow-capped mountain peaks sprawling down below you are almost ecstatic, beginning a whole chain of memorable experiences that stay with you for a long, long time. As your plane lands at Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu, our waiting support team will meet and greet you at the arrivals and escort you to your hotel. At the hotel you will be briefed about your daily activities.
Kathmandu is the historical and cultural heart of Nepal and has been a popular destination for tourists ever since Nepal opened its doors to visitors. The city presents a wonderful mix of Hinduism, Tibetan Buddhism and Western influence. There will be a guided tour to UNESCO World Heritage Sites Boudhnath, the largest Buddhist stupa in Nepal and after that to Pashupatinath, the most popular Hindu shrine dedicated to Lord Shiva. You take a tour to Patan also called as Lalitpur (the City of Artisans), which is 5 km away from Kathmandu. You will walk through Patan Durbar Square and delight in the architectural wonders of Malla era. Mahaboudha Temple, Kumbeshwor Temple, Krishna Temple and Golden Temple are the major attractions at the square.
After breakfast you start your journey to Arughat Bazaar. Leaving Kathmandu city behind, you drive along Prithivi Highway passing through the beautiful river view and small clusters of highway settlements. After about 7 to 8 hours of drive, you will reach Arughat Bazaar, from where you continue to Soti Khola in a jeep. After another 1:30 -2 hours’ drive through terraces and picturesque hamlets along Budhi Gandaki, you reach Soti Khola, where you accommodate for the night.
Today is the first day of your Manaslu Circuit Trek. You walk by the dense forest passing through a number of small villages tucked into the hillside, till you reach a widening of the valley, opposite the point where a large tributary stream enters the Budhi Gandaki River. The terraced cultivated fields belong to the upper village of Lapubesi (880 m / 3182 ft). Descending down through the wide, sandy riverbed which follows a trail meandering below the steep, craggy valley side, then, climb again to a ridge. Further a few walk will lead us to Machhakhola (930 m / 3051 ft), which literally means “Fish River”.
The trail from Machhakhola to Dobhan traverses a stunning gorge with waterfalls and occasional landslides. The trail makes some minor ups and downs and eventually crosses the Tharo Khola and reaches Khorlabesi (970 m / 3182 ft). Follow the wide path along the west bank of the river to Tatopani (990 m / 3248 ft), where you can take advantage of the waterspouts for a refreshing wash. At the end of the village, cross a suspension bridge to the east bank and continue through sometimes dense forest. You climb a well – crafted staircase over a ridge to Dobhan (1070 m / 3510 ft). Doban lies at the confluence of the Shiar Khola, which flows from the east, and the Sarpu Khola, which flows from the west.
The route climbs on a rugged rocky trail. You climb up and down ravines and notched trees. Leaving Dobhan, the Budhi Gandaki descends an impressive series of rapids. Beyond this steep section, the river is much more placid, meandering across a broad gravel bed. Proceed on the broad trail along the true left bank of the river to Yaruphant (1170 m / 3839 ft. From this point, the trail ascends about 200 meters (656 feet) up an old landslide that once blocked the Budhi Gandaki. After reaching the top, the trail descends slightly to the wide riverbed. Teashops are set up near the confluence with the Yara Khola (1330 m / 4364 ft). As the trail continues along the true left bank, vertical cliffs rise on both sides. Cross a bridge, then, follow the trail to the true right bank where the Budhi Gandaki has carved a narrow gorge. A short climb and descent lead to a flat area labeled ‘Jagat.’ The actual village is another few minutes up the trail, behind a rocky outcrop. Entering Jagat (1340 m / 4396 ft), you’ll find a well-maintained stone-paved trail, and several teahouses before reaching the Manaslu Conservation Area Project (MCAP) and police checkpoint. Jagat, meaning ‘customs post,’ historically served as a tax collection point for trade with Tibet. Leaving the village, cross the Pangaur Khola using stepping-stones and bridges. The trek takes you over a rocky ridge to Salleri (1353 m / 4439 ft). The trail then ascends gently to a Chautara, offering good views of Shringi Himal to the north. Descend to Sirdibas (1430 m / 4692 ft). Continue to a suspension bridge, cross to the true left bank of the Budhi Gandaki (with a police checkpoint at the bridge), and climb 200 meters (656 feet) to the village of Phillim (1570 m / 5151 ft), where there is another MCAP checkpoint and teahouses. Philim is a large Gurung village with fields of corn and millet, and trees of alder, blue pine and poplar.
The next section of the trail is quite scenic, making the long day worthwhile. Ekle Bhatti (1600 m / 5249 ft), also known as Chisapani, is about 45 minutes from Philim; take your time to enjoy the waterfalls on the west side of the valley. After the monsoon, a large waterfall appears beyond Ekle Bhatti, leading into scrubby forest that transitions into large pine trees. From Ekle Bhatti, you’ll reach a trail junction; turn right (the left trail heads to Manaslu Base Camp) towards Lokpa (Lakuwa) (2240 m / 7349 ft). The trail to Tsum Valley starts with a trek through a narrow, deep gorge leading to Lokpa (also called Lakuwa) (2240 m / 7349 ft). Lokpa marks the Tsum valley’s entrance. From Lokpa you can enjoy stunning views of the majestic Manaslu range. This remote village is traditionally believed to have been blessed by Padmasambhava centuries ago. Along the route, you’ll be treated to spectacular vistas of the Boudha Himal (6672 m / 21890 ft) and Ganesh Himal. The path then descends into the Lungwa Khola (River) valley, meandering through a dense forest rich with rhododendron, juniper, and pine trees. Continuing on, you’ll reach Gumlung, and soon after, Syar Khola, signaling your arrival in Chumling (2386 m / 7828 ft), a stone-paved settlement similar to Tibet. If time allows explore Chumling’s three main monasteries: Panago Gumba, Mani Dhungyur Gumba, and Gurwa Gumba.
Today’s trek leads us into the Upper Tsum Valley. We’ll navigate a landslide zone and ascend a high ridge, where we’ll be rewarded with breathtaking views of Ganesh Himal. For those up early, Shringri Himal offers a fantastic sunrise vantage point. Following the trail along the Shair Khola, you’ll arrive at Tumje, also called Dumje (2440 m / 8005 ft). From Tumje, a climb leads you to Chhokung Paro, also called Chhekampar, where you’ll be treated to stunning views of Ganesh Himal and Himal Chuli. The Upper Tsum Valley opens up from Chhokang Paro, which sits on a flat expanse of land. This area comprises two settlements: Chhokang and Paro. As we reach the Upper Tsum Valley, you’ll notice the architecture and local culture taking on an even stronger Tibetan character. This is due to the fact that centuries ago, many of the current Nepali Gurung and Tamang people migrated from Tibet, along with the Tsum communities who also have Tibetan origins. Be sure to enjoy the local hospitality and sample their distinctive Tibetan butter tea. Some households in this village practice polyandry.
From Chhokung Paro / Chhekampar you trek to Chhule or to Nile. This is the last village heading north in the upper Tsum Valley. On the way you pass the Piren Phu cave. Piren Phu (pigeon cave) is one of the most sacred caves in the Tsum Valley. It is located at the foot of a rugged cliff near the village of Bursi. Milarepa, a famous Tibetan saint, was believed to have meditated here in the 11th Century AD. There are two separate monasteries attached to the rocky cave. Richly painted Buddhist murals, excellent artistic scripts carved on stones, long prayer flags and significant Buddhist’s paper scripts make this cave one of the most important cultural assets of the Valley. Beautiful views of the Syar Khola, Rachen Gumba, the mountains and settlements amidst vast agricultural land can be seen. Then you will reach Chhule (3347 m / 10891 ft). To reach Nile (3360 m / 11024 ft) village, you’ll cross a suspension bridge over the Syar Khola. Nile is on the western, sun-side of the Syar Khola, about 20 minutes’ walk across from Chhule.
After an early breakfast, you’ll set out from Nile Village or Chhule on a trail that gradually ascends toward Mu Gumba, the largest monastery in the Tsum Valley. Your first stop after about two hours of trekking will be Dhephyudoma Nunnery Gumba (4060 m / 13320 ft), one of the region’s oldest monasteries, said to be older than 850 years, which marks the early spread of Buddhism in the valley. Continuing on, you’ll reach Mu Gumba (3700 m / 12139 ft), established in 1895, and located at the most remote point in the Tsum Valley. This significant monastery houses numerous religious texts, including the Kangyur, a life-size statue of Avalokiteshwara, and portraits of revered Buddhist figures such as Padmasambhava and Tara. The journey to Mu Gumba will take you through expansive yak pastures and rugged Trans-Himalayan terrain.
The stunning scenery of the region is sure to captivate you. The area is dotted with charming chortens, mani walls, and other Buddhist landmarks. Trekkers have the option to set out on a short hike around the picturesque cliffs of the area. You can also venture to the base of Pika Himal (4865 m / 15961 ft), where you’ll enjoy breathtaking views of snow-capped peaks and the surrounding landscapes, including glimpses of the Tibetan region across the border. The Ganesh Himal (7429 m / 24373 ft) appears especially stunning from this vantage point. After exploring in this captivating region, you’ll return to Mu Gumba.
From Mu Gumba (3700 m / 12139 ft) you take the trail to Rachen Gumba (3240 m / 10630 ft), a nunnery. The nunnery is situated in the Syar Khola Valley in the foothills of the mountains bordering Nepal and Tibet. Rachen Gumba was established in the year 1905 AD and is one of the largest nunneries in the Tsum Valley. It houses nuns belonging to the Ngak-pa sect, which does not allow animal slaughter. The nunnery houses 1000 clay, molded statues of Avalokiteshwara, a brightly colored, carved throne and pillar, and a large prayer wheel. The interior is richly painted with murals about Buddhism and its history.
The trek continues south towards Chhokung Paro on the way to Chumling. Within two hours, you’ll encounter a small white gumba at Gho (2485 m /8153 ft). From this monastery, the path descends to a wooden bridge over the Siyar Khola. After crossing the bridge, you’ll arrive in Dumje, also called Tumje, where you’ll find a Tibetan herbal medicine clinic and a school. Dumje is a small village with about eight houses and adjoining cattle sheds.
From Domje, you’ll head south, traversing through lush, dense forests and crossing suspension bridges to reach Ripche (2470 m / 8104 ft). After Ripche, you’ll descend to Batti Ghumlong and then make a slight ascent to arrive at Lokpa. On the way you pass one of the most beautiful waterfalls in the Lower Tsum Valley, Samba Tingding Chhupyang. From Lokpa you trek to Philim.
From Philim you trek to Tatopani which literally means “hot spring”. There is a hot spring at Tatopani. You can relieve your tired muscles by soaking yourself in the hot spring.
From Tatopani you trek to Soti Khola. You pass through terraced fields and tropical waterfalls and finally reach your Manaslu Tsum Valley Trek’s end point.
As you make your way from Soti Khola to Arughat Bazaar, you come to the last leg of our journey and continue to Kathmandu.
You have some free time to enjoy at your leisure until it’s time for your departure. When it’s time for your flight, you will be assisted with your transfer to Tribhuvan International Airport. Our team will ensure that you get to the airport in a timely manner, allowing for a smooth check-in process. If you wish to extend your stay in Nepal for more adventure or explore additional experiences, please let us know. We would be happy to assist with further arrangements.
For more information, please contact us at enquiry@explorehimalaya.com
General Information about Tsum Valley Trek
TRIP GRADE: Difficult (Grade 4)
This is a long Tsum Valley Trek that goes right into high mountain country and leading us to the renowned high mountain valley and other viewpoints. Physically quite tiring, it involves approx. 6-8 hours trekking along rocky ridges of high Himalayan peaks. No previous experience is required, you should be moderately fit, used to some regular exercise and enjoy walking in the high-altitude conditions.
TREKKING TYPES
Trekking in Nepal is categorized in three different types based on their way of organization (Camping Trek, Tea House Trek and GAP Trek). Manaslu Circuit Trek is organized in two ways (Tea House Trek and GAP Trek) due to the abundance of accommodation facilities available in the region.
Tea House Trek: This trek includes services like guide, food, accommodation in local Tea Houses and porters.
GAP Trek: This trek includes services like Guide (G), Accommodation (A) in the Tea Houses, and Porters (P). Food bills are to be paid directly by the client.
ACCOMMODATION
Trekking in Manaslu region doesn’t need tremendous logistics in terms of accommodation as you will find plenty of clean and friendly lodges along the trail.
You often have to share rooms but you can also stay in single rooms where possible. Rooms are basic, normally just a bed with a pillow and blankets. A few have electric blanket, hot bags (luxury lodges) and all have a spacious dining room-lounge. We will accommodate you and your group in a comfortable local lodge each day. The Guide coordinates with the local lodge owners and a porter is sent ahead to book the required rooms for the group (rooms cannot always be booked in advance).
Please remember that some of them are very basic and a sense of adventure is necessary. It is cheaper to stay in lodge rather than organizing a camping trek.
FOOD
Lodge Trek: Meals are included in our price and are taken in lodges available along the trail. You can find a considerable variety of Nepali (rice, curry & lentil, momo, noodles, chapattis, etc.) and Western food (pizza, pasta, sandwich, chips, porridge, toast, pancake, soup, etc) as well as drinks (coffee, tea, milk, soft drinks, and beer). The Guide suggests you the best option as per the availability.
GAP Trek: You will have to make your own eating arrangements in the lodges available along the trail. Expect to spend around $ 25 – $ 30 a day for food. Guide, accommodation and porters are covered in the price.
WATER
You will be provided filtered water about 3 – 4 liters per person per day. The good thing about such water is it doesn’t smell chlorine. We normally use Sawyer Filters. However, you can also buy bottled water in tea houses. You can also bring water purification pills in case you want to drink water from local taps.
PERSONAL EXPENSES – MONEY TO TAKE ON TREK
Money requirement depends largely on type of trek style, duration and trekking region.
For a two-week Tsum Valley Trek, you can take about $ 250 – $ 350, more if you intend to get more table drinks (alcoholic/non-alcoholic beverages), snacks while walking (a few smaller shops are available along the trail in some areas), souvenirs, battery charge, internet, hot shower (available in some places) etc. We pay for your accommodation and meals at mountain hut (tea house) along the trail and bear all the expenses of staffs assigned by us. However, for extra bar bills, snacks, hot shower, battery charge, internet etc. you have to pay directly to lodge owner on the spot.
CHANGING MONEY
You can change money at a bank or the money exchange counter in cities like. Many Tourist class Hotels have money exchange facilities. For Trekking, there are banks and exchange counters at major Tourist hubs. These days, there is availability of ATMs everywhere in Kathmandu and some major trekking hubs.
TIPS
Tips are appreciated by your support team after the completion of your trip. The amount depends on your budget and appreciation of their work. As a suggestion, we advise that you can allocate 5 – 10 % of the total tour cost as tips. It is recommended that you talk to the members and hand it over individually as per the hierarchy on the last day of the trek.
GROUP SIZE ON FIXED DEPARTURE
If you opt to join our ‘fixed departure trip’, you are likely to be joining people from different countries of any age group except minors. The size of group varies, minimum number of persons required to operate a trip is 2 and the maximum is 15 people.
For a Private Booking, any number size from 1 pax to 20 pax are acceptable and can be comfortably organized. We go for special planning for handling group size bigger than 20 pax.
GROUP LEADER AND CREW
All our trips are led by Government licensed local trekking guides. The guides have vast knowledge and have trekked the area multiple of times depending on the group size, the main guide will be accompanied by assistant guides.
We will also have a team of porters to carry your main gag. We provide 1 porter for 2 members, 15 kg allowance for each member.
COMMUNICATION
Communication during Tsum Valley Trek is not challenging but there are certain things to be considered. You can also use Ncell and NTC network (both for internet and mobile network) but they don’t work properly in some places as you go higher. Some Tea Houses / Lodges also provide Wi-Fi facilities. If it is crucial for you to keep in contact with your family or others, we can provide you a mobile satellite phone (rental charge on request).
FLIGHT / LAND TRANSFERS
The starting point of the Tsum Valley Trek is Soti Khola, which is connected by 8 to 9 hours’ drive from Kathmandu. On your return, you will drive from Soti Khola to Kathmandu, connected by 8 to 9 hours’ drive. We will arrange the transportation from your hotel to the airport (Kathmandu).
LUGGAGE WHILE TREKKING
During Tsum Valley Trek, your main luggage will be carried by porter. Please keep your luggage as light as possible around 12 kg to 15 kg for flight safety and porter welfare as per IPPG standard. You simply carry a day pack with water bottle, camera, sun-screen, spare jacket, etc. You can leave your valuable items at your hotel in Kathmandu while trekking. Many hotels have a locker system and provide a deposit slip for the valuables kept under the hotel’s safekeeping.
TYPICAL DAY ON TREK
A typical day while trekking in Nepal consists of about 6 – 8 hours of activity. Each morning after packing our bags and having a good breakfast, we set off on the day’s walk. After walking for 3 – 4 hours we stop for lunch at around midday. The afternoon’s walk is generally shorter and we usually arrive at our destination in time for afternoon tea. The remainder of the afternoon can be spent exploring the village, doing a bit of washing or simply relaxing with a good book. On some days, we will arrive at our destination by lunchtime and the entire afternoon will be free. After dinner, the evening will often be spent playing cards and reliving the day’s adventures, before heading off to bed for a well-earned sleep.
TREKKING GEARS AND EQUIPMENT
You will need walking boots, sleeping bag (4 seasons/-20 0C rated), waterproof jacket and trousers, fleece jacket, warm hat and gloves, sunglasses, water bottle, sun-screen and day pack. Comprehensive list of equipment will be provided once you book your trip. It’s not necessary to spend a lot of money buying extra equipment and clothing before your trip. Majority of these gears can be bought or hired at reasonable rates in Kathmandu.
GEARS AVAILABLE IN KATHMANDU
There are numerous suppliers of trekking gears in Kathmandu supplying genuine branded items or imitations depending on your choice and price. You can get anything from down jackets and sleeping bags to socks or thermal wears that you need for your trek.
EQUIPMENT PROVIDED BY COMPANY
We provide company duffle bag (80 L) to use on the trek. You can store your bag in your hotel and use it after the trek.
TREK SECURITY
Security of our clients is our foremost priority. All our guides are licensed by Nepal Government. Our guides and support crew are carefully chosen for your trips. They will ensure your safety and security throughout your trip. During your trek, you will be sleeping in local teahouses. You have to take precautions yourself at all times. Never leave your baggage unattended and keep your lodge room locked when you go out.
MEETING AND GREETING AT AIRPORT
You need to pass on your International flight details to us for a “meeting and greeting” service at airport. You just pass the customs desk and come out of the terminal building where you will see someone standing with a placard with either ‘Explore Himalaya’ or your name written on it. Our airport representative or tour officer will greet you and welcome you with a garland and escort you to your hotel.
TREK DURATION
We ensure liability as indicated in itinerary and list of services. If the holiday is cut short or completed earlier than the projected period upon client’s wish, we shall not be responsible or make refund against unutilized days or services. Clients need to pay for hotels/services incurred in Kathmandu or elsewhere in such cases.
CLIMATE AND BEST TIME TO GO
The best seasons for trekking in Nepal are autumn (from mid-September till November end) and spring (from the beginning of March until mid-May). Temperatures will drop considerably as you trek higher every day. The nights are cold (between -10 0C to 5 0C) but the days are sunny and hot (between 10 0C to 20 0C). The mornings are usually clear, with clouds building up during the afternoon, disappearing at night. Trekking during the monsoon and winter is not recommended, as the visibility during monsoon is limited, upper parts and high passes could be covered with snow in winter.
March, April, October and November are the most favored months. Please choose the date that is convenient for you.
ITINERARY CHANGES
The itinerary for this trek is a standard itinerary. Depending on the prevailing situation while on trek, you can modify it to some extent after consulting with your guide. However, the date of trek completion should always coincide with the original itinerary. You should keep in mind that this is an adventure trip into the remotest region, where many unforeseen events may contribute to the need for a change in itinerary. In such cases, we or your guide will suggest the best alternative similar to your original.
HEALTH ISSUES AND VACCINATIONS
As vaccination requirements change frequently, we suggest you consult your doctor at least 2 months prior to the beginning of your trip. We recommend protection against malaria, tetanus, typhoid, hepatitis and polio. The main health consideration during the trek is Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). You may experience some mild symptoms initially, such as headache, lethargy, nausea and difficulty sleeping, but these should lessen within a few days. To avoid Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), people take pills called ‘Diamox’ (actazolamide). You can also use these pills after consulting with your doctor and purchase them in Kathmandu. Our itinerary will allow your body to acclimatize properly and handle the low oxygen rate.
If you have ever suffered from altitude sickness, or have a heart or breathing complaint, we highly recommend you consult your doctor about your suitability for trekking in high altitude areas before booking. We suggest that you take some pain-killing pills with you and enough medicine for cold, diarrhea, nausea and fever. Some nasal ointment and throat-moistening pills will greatly help for those who are sensitive to chilly or freezing weather conditions.
FIRST AID KIT
We supply a medical bag with standard medicines prescribed by trekking doctors and a user’s manual. Since our staffs/guides are not qualified for suggesting medications to western clients, we would request you to use the medicines upon your own risk. It is safer and more reliable if you have your own medicine kit and not depend on what we have.
VISA
All visitors except the Indian nationals must hold passport and valid visa. Visa can be obtained at the Nepalese diplomatic missions and consulates abroad. You can also get “On Arrival Visa” at entry points. For doing Tsum Valley Trek, you can come with a 30 days visa which costs US $ 50. You should have a passport size photo to get it at airport upon arrival. Some countries’ nationals need to get visa prior their arrival.
Please check http://www.nepalimmigration.gov.np/page/tourist-visa for detailed information.
JOIN A GROUP OR PRIVATE TRIP
Our trips are available on both fixed departure and private basis. If you are looking for a group to join this trek, please check our “Fixed Departures” link for availability, dates and price. If you would like to travel independently, or with your friends, families and colleagues, you are invited to choose any of the trips at your convenient timeframe for any number of people (minimum 1 and maximum 20 at a time).
If you want to do something that is not included in our trip list, we are ready to tailor your trip to suit your exact requirements. In short, we will make every effort to meet your needs.
RESCUE / EVACUATIONS
We take your safety and security very seriously, and make sure that nothing untoward happen to you. However, if anything serious like sickness or a casualty occurs, we will do everything to transfer you to the nearest hospital. As you are responsible for all the expenses incurred in evacuation, please make sure that it is covered by your insurance before assigning for it.
INSURANCE
Before joining this trip, we recommend you take a travel insurance which should cover cancellation, medical expenses, helicopter evacuation and emergency repatriation during high-altitude trekking, specifically up to Mu Gumba. Our staff will collect your insurance details before you leave for the trek.
RESPONSIBLE TRAVEL
We are among the few companies in Nepal to receive Travelife Certificate Award https://www.travelife.info for our long-term efforts in sustainable practices.
We ensure that all the porters and other staffs going into high altitude conditions during Everest treks are provided with adequate clothing and equipment. All our porters carry less than 30 kg and underage porters are strictly prohibited in our operations. We run the trek according to the guidelines of the International Porter Protection group (IPPG – www.ippg.net).
Wonderful environment of the Himalayas is also an extremely fragile one. Increasing population density and numbers of trekkers threaten the very beauty of Nepal. At Explore Himalaya, we are extremely conscious about the environment and aim to minimize our impact as much as possible. As deforestation is one of the greatest environmental threats, we do not have camp fires and use LPG gas or kerosene for cooking as an alternative fuel to wood. We don’t use plastic bottles. We also discourage trekkers from using wood-fueled hot showers in lodges along the way. Many lodges, however, now provide solar hot showers, a far more eco-friendly alternative.
Garbage disposal is another major problem and some of the busier trails can, at times, appear strewn with litter. Our staff members are well motivated towards eco-friendly practices. Our staff carry garbage bag with them all the time and collect our garbage and other litters they find on trail and dispose them on the designated area. We also volunteer to bring garbage down while returning back. Our aim is to help protect and preserve this beautiful environment for future generations of trekkers to enjoy.
Explore Himalaya works with the motto ‘Development through Tourism’. Keeping in line with this motto, Explore Himalaya Community Service Project (EHCSP) has been conceived to empower underprivileged, marginalized, poor and minority segments of Nepal.
Since its inception, EHCSP has been incessantly facilitating and advocating for school education, health, community development, forest conservation, agro practices and culture preservation. A certain amount of your trip money goes to these projects. For more details on our CSR initiatives, please visit https://explorehimalaya.com/csr/
The Manaslu Region, located in the central part of Nepal, is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and challenging trekking routes. Named after Mount Manaslu (8163 meters / 26782 feet), the eighth-highest peak in the world, the region offers a blend of spectacular Himalayan landscapes and unique cultural experiences. The Manaslu Region is characterized by its dramatic topography, which includes rugged mountains, deep valleys, and fast-flowing rivers. The area is dominated by the Manaslu massif, and awe-inspiring views of snow-capped peaks, including Manaslu itself, along with neighboring giants like Himal Chuli and Ganesh Himal. The region also features diverse ecosystems, from lush subtropical forests and terraced fields to alpine meadows and arid high-altitude landscapes. The Manaslu Circuit, one of Nepal’s classic trekking routes, is the primary attraction in the region. This trek offers a challenging yet rewarding adventure, taking trekkers around the Manaslu massif and crossing the Larkye La Pass at 5106 meters (16752 feet). The circuit provides a mix of rugged terrain, cultural encounters with Tibetan-influenced villages, and breathtaking mountain views. Other notable treks include the Manaslu Base Camp Trek, Tsum Valley Trek, Ganesh Himal Base Camp Trek, etc. The region is also known for its less frequented trails, providing a more remote and tranquil trekking experience compared to more popular routes like the Annapurna. The Manaslu Region is home to a rich tapestry of cultures and traditions. The local communities are primarily of Tibetan origin, including the Gurung, Sherpa, and Tamang people. These communities maintain a unique way of life influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, which is evident in their monasteries, prayer flags, and mani walls. Tsum Valley, Samagaon and Samdo offer an insight into traditional Tibetan culture and the lifestyle of the mountain people. The Manaslu Conservation Area, established in 1998, encompasses the region and aims to preserve its diverse flora and fauna, as well as the cultural heritage of the area. The conservation efforts help protect the habitat of several endangered species, including the snow leopard and the red panda. The region’s environment is also crucial for maintaining the balance of local ecosystems and supporting sustainable tourism. Access to the Manaslu Region typically begins from the town of Soti Khola, reached via a drive from Kathmandu. The trek requires a special permit and is often arranged through trekking agencies, as the area is less developed compared to more popular trekking regions. Due to its remote nature and challenging terrain, the Manaslu Region is best suited for experienced trekkers seeking adventure and solitude. The Manaslu Region offers a compelling combination of natural grandeur, cultural richness, and adventure. It is a destination for those seeking to experience the raw beauty of the Himalayas and immerse themselves in the traditional lifestyles of its mountain communities.
The Manaslu Conservation Area, established by the government of Nepal in 1998, covers an area of 1663 square kilometers. This protected region is renowned for its diverse range of habitats, which support a rich array of wildlife. The conservation area extends from the subtropical lowlands at around 600 meters to the majestic summit of Mount Manaslu, standing at 8163 meters—the eighth highest peak in the world. The Manaslu Conservation Area is home to around 2,000 plant species, with 11 different types of forests and over 50 species of plants with medicinal and practical uses. Its varied climate zones, ranging from subtropical to nival, create a mosaic of environments that support 33 mammal species, including the elusive snow leopard and the red panda. Additionally, the area hosts 110 bird species, such as the endangered Himalayan monal, 11 butterfly species, and 3 species of reptiles. The preservation of these diverse ecosystems and species is crucial for maintaining the region’s ecological balance and supporting sustainable tourism and local livelihoods.
The culture of the Manaslu region is distinct, with the majority of its inhabitants of Tibetan origin practicing Buddhism. Economically, the locals depend on agriculture and animal husbandry, relying heavily on natural resources for firewood, timber, and medicinal plants. They also participate in trade and tourism-related activities. Agricultural output is limited due to the scarce arable land, inadequate irrigation, prolonged cold temperatures, and low rainfall. The region’s rich cultural heritage is reflected in its prominent Buddhist monasteries, such as Shringi Gumba in Bihi, and Mu and Rachen Gumbas in Chhekampar. The harmonious relationship between religion and environmental conservation is evident, as local Lamas (religious leaders) prohibit any harm to wildlife, significantly benefiting the region’s wildlife prosperity.
The Manaslu region, stretching from Arughat to Larkye La (Pass), encompasses six climatic zones due to its varied elevation. The tropical zone, below 1,000 meters, includes low river basins and valleys with warm temperatures. Between 1,000 and 2,000 meters, the subtropical zone experiences summer temperatures of 31-34°C and winter temperatures of 8-13°C. The temperate zone, from 2,000 to 3,000 meters, has summer temperatures of 22-25°C and winter temperatures of -2 to 6°C, with frequent frost and snowfall in winter. The subalpine zone, between 3,000 and 4,000 meters, sees cold winters and snowfall from December to May, with summer temperatures around 6-10°C. The alpine zone, from 4,000 to 5,000 meters, consists mainly of open meadows. The arctic zone, above 4,500 meters, features extreme cold and snow, with the snow line around 5,000 meters. The monsoon from June to September provides most of the annual rainfall, while the post-monsoon and winter months are generally dry. The southern part of the region is wetter and cloudier compared to the drier upper areas.
The vegetation in the Manaslu region is primarily categorized into three altitude-based types: Low hill, Middle mountain, and High Mountain. Each category features distinct dominant forests and associated species. However, vegetation types often overlap due to variations in aspect and micro-climate. While the forest types are generally well-defined, the flora in different forest types and adjacent areas can be quite similar, especially for Non-Timber Forest Products like medicinal herbs and aromatic plants, which frequently appear across various forest types. The area is noted for its diverse vegetation, with 19 distinct forest types and other dominant plant forms recorded.
Manaslu region features a variety of habitats that support numerous rare species. This includes animals like the snow leopard, lynx, musk deer, red fox, jackal, and brown bear, as well as their prey such as blue sheep, Himalayan tahr, Himalayan serow, woolly hare, and Himalayan marmot. The area is also inhabited by various bird species, including the snow partridge, Tibetan snowcock, chukor partridge, Himalayan griffon, and golden eagle, alongside a diverse range of plant communities.
Manaslu
Mount Manaslu, also known as Kampunge, is the eighth-highest mountain in the world, rising to an elevation of 8163 meters (26782 feet). The peak is part of the Manaslu massif. The name “Manaslu” derives from the Sanskrit word “manasa,” which translates to “intellect” or “soul.” The first successful ascent of Manaslu was achieved on May 9, 1956, by a Japanese expedition led by Toshio Imanishi and Gyaltsen Norbu Sherpa. Manaslu is also famous for its trekking routes. The Manaslu Circuit, a popular trekking route, offers stunning views of the mountain and the surrounding landscapes while allowing trekkers to experience the local culture and traditional villages. The circuit is considered one of Nepal’s classic treks and provides a less crowded alternative to the Annapurna and Everest regions.
Himal Chuli
Himal Chuli is situated in the eastern section of the Manaslu sub-range Himal Chuli has three main peaks: East (7893 m / 25896 ft), West (7540 m / 24738 ft) and North (7331 m / 24052 ft) and it is the 18th highest mountain in the world. During the Manaslu Trek, you can enjoy stunning views of Himal Chuli peaks. The peaks’ dramatic, rugged profile enhances the trek’s scenic beauty, offering trekkers a breathtaking backdrop of this impressive mountain. Himal Chuli East was first climbed on May 24, 1960 by Masahiro Harada and Hisashi Tanabe. Himal Chuli West was first climbed on May 7, 1978, by Yoshio Ogata and Kazuhiro Sugeno. Himal Chuli North was first ascended on October 27, 1985, by Lee Jae-Hong, Ang Pasang Sherpa, Jangbu Sherpa, Lhakpa Norbu Sherpa, and Pasang Dawa Sherpa.
Ganesh Himal
Named after the Hindu deity Ganesh, the elephant-headed god, this range is a subrange of the Himalayas situated in north-central Nepal and extending towards the Tibetan border. The Ganesh Himal is separated from the Langtang range to the east by the Trisuli Gandaki Valley, while the Budhi Gandaki Valley and Shyar Khola Valley to the west separate it from the Sringi Himal and Mansiri Himal, where Manaslu, the nearest 8,000-meter peak, is found. Ganesh Himal is located about 70 kilometers north-northwest of the Kathmandu Valley. Ganesh I (7429 m / 24373 ft), also called as Yangra, is the highest peak in the Ganesh Himal range. Ganesh I was first ascended on October 24, 1955, by Raymond Lambert, Eric Gauchat, and Claude Kogan. In Ganesh Hinal there are three other peaks exceeding 7000 meters (23000 feet). Ganesh II (7111 m / 23353 ft) was first ascended on October 16, 1981, by the team of Hermann Warth, Ang Chepal Sherpa, Nga Temba Sherpa, and Nima Tenzing Sherpa. Ganesh III (7110 m / 23136) was first ascended on October 19, 1979, by Hideo Ogura, Pemba Tshering Sherpa, and Dawa Norbu Sherpa. Ganesh IV (7052 m / 23307 ft) was first successfully climbed on October 20, 1978, by a team that included T. Tomita, H. Yoshio, K. Aoyagi, M. Hashimoto, Y. Hashimoto, Y. Okuma, T. Shimoji, T. Suzuki, I. Yasuda, Yogendra Thapa, Kamal Bhandari, Mingma Tenzing Sherpa, and Sonan Wolang Sherpa. Additionally, there are fourteen others surpass 6000 meters (20000 feet).
Machhakhola
Machakhola (930 m / 3051 ft) is a quaint village situated in the Gorkha. It serves as an important waypoint on the Manaslu Circuit Trek and is located along the Budi Gandaki River. The village is predominantly inhabited by the Gurung and Ghale communities, who are celebrated for their vibrant culture and warm hospitality. The local economy revolves around subsistence farming, animal husbandry, and tourism, thanks to its pivotal location on the trekking route. With the rise in trekking traffic, Machakhola has seen the development of small teahouses and lodges, which provide economic benefits to the residents. The area’s verdant landscape features terraced fields and dense forests, offering trekkers a picturesque view of traditional Himalayan rural life.
Jagat
Jagat (1410 m / 4626 ft) is a scenic village situated along the Manaslu Circuit. It serves as a checkpoint for the Manaslu Conservation Area, marking a notable shift from the lower subtropical zones to the more rugged mountainous terrain. The village is mainly home to Gurung and Tibetan-origin communities, who maintain their distinct traditions and way of life. The local economy is based on agriculture, livestock, and a growing tourism industry, with various teahouses and lodges serving trekkers. Jagat’s stone-paved streets, traditional houses, and terraced fields provide a charming insight into Himalayan culture. Its strategic location makes it a crucial stop for acclimatization and rest before venturing into the higher, more challenging parts of the trek.
Philim
Philim (1570 m / 5151 ft) is a charming village situated in the Gorkha district, known for its scenic beauty and cultural significance. Philim serves as a key waypoint for trekkers exploring this remote region. The village is located amidst lush terraced fields and surrounded by stunning mountain vistas. It acts as a gateway for trekkers moving further into the Tsum Valley or heading towards the Manaslu Circuit. The area around Philim is characterized by its traditional stone houses and vibrant local culture, which reflects the rich heritage of the Tibetan-influenced communities residing here. Philim is also home to several important cultural sites, including monasteries and mani walls adorned with Buddhist inscriptions. These sites offer insights into the local spiritual practices and the historical significance of the area. The village’s serene environment and the hospitality of its residents make it a memorable stop for those trekking through the Tsum Valley.
Lokpa
Lokpa (2240 m / 7349) is the gateway to the Tsum Valley and is known for its traditional Tibetan-influenced culture. The village has a rich history and is said to have been blessed by the revered Buddhist master Padmasambhava centuries ago. The local culture reflects a blend of Tibetan and local traditions, evident in the village’s architecture, lifestyle, and spiritual practices. The village is situated in a picturesque location, providing stunning views of the surrounding mountain ranges, including the Boudha Himal and Ganesh Himal. The natural beauty of Lokpa is characterized by lush forests, and the dramatic landscapes of the Tsum Valley. Lokpa’s position as the entry point to the Tsum Valley makes it a key destination for trekkers.
Chumling
Chumling (386 m / 7828 ft) village is located in the Tsum, is a key waypoint on the trek through this remote region. Chumling, which means “the lower Chum,” is one of the few places in the Tsum Valley where visitors can experience the blend of Tibetan and local cultures. Renowned for its unique blend of Tibetan and local cultures, Chumling offers a fascinating cultural experience. The village is home to several important Buddhist monasteries, including Panago Gumba, Mani Dhungyur Gumba, and Gurwa Gumba. These gumbas, with their traditional architecture, vibrant murals, and spiritual significance, reflect the deep-rooted Buddhist traditions and strong Tibetan influence in the area. The natural beauty surrounding Chumling is equally impressive, featuring lush landscapes, terraced fields, and breathtaking views of the Ganesh Himal and other surrounding peaks. The village’s serene environment and stunning vistas make it a scenic highlight on the trek.The local lifestyle in Chumling is deeply intertwined with traditional practices and the natural environment. Chumling is predominantly inhabited by the Gurung and Tamang ethnic groups many of whom have historical ties to Tibet. Chumling is rich in both cultural and natural attractions, making it a memorable stop for trekkers and travelers exploring the Tsum Valley.
Chhokang Paro
Chhokung Paro (3030 m / 9941 ft, also known as Chhekampar, is a significant village in the Upper Tsum Valley. It is one of the main settlements in the region and serves as a vital stop on the trek through the Tsum Valley. Chhokung Paro, which is composed of two distinct settlements—Chhokung and Paro—reflects a blend of traditional Tibetan and local cultures. The village is renowned for its traditional stone houses and Buddhist heritage. The village offers stunning views of the surrounding mountain ranges, including the Ganesh Himal and Himal Chuli. The surrounding landscape features lush meadows, terraced fields, and dramatic mountain vistas, contributing to the village’s picturesque setting. The residents of Chhokang Paro primarily belong to ethnic groups with Tibetan roots, including the Gurung and Tamang communities. The local lifestyle is deeply connected to traditional practices and the natural environment. Chhokung Paro is known for its scenic beauty and cultural richness. It serves as a gateway for further exploration of the Upper Tsum Valley and offers opportunities to visit local gumbas and interact with the local communities.
Nile
Nile (3360 m / 11024) is a remote and serene village in the Upper Tsum Valley. It is one of the highest settlements in the Tsum. Nile is known for its rich Tibetan-influenced culture. The village maintains traditional practices and customs that reflect its historical ties with Tibet. Local residents are primarily Tibetan in origin, and their cultural heritage is evident in their daily lives, traditional practices, and the local architecture. The village offers breathtaking views of the surrounding peaks, including the Ganesh Himal and the snow-capped heights of the Pika Himal. The landscape around Nile is characterized by rugged terrain, green meadows, and fertile, narrow valleys. The area provides stunning vistas and is a popular spot for observing the majestic Himalayan scenery. The lifestyle of the people in Nile is deeply rooted in traditional Tibetan customs. The community practices traditional agriculture and animal husbandry, and their daily life revolves around these age-old practices.
Chhule
Chhule (3347 m / 10981 ft) is a quaint village located in the Tsum Valley. Chhule is part of the rich tapestry of Tibetan-influenced culture in the Tsum Valley. The village is home to traditional stone houses and local customs that reflect its historical connections with Tibet. The cultural practices of Chhule offer visitors a glimpse into the region’s deep-rooted Tibetan heritage. The village is surrounded by stunning landscapes, including lush green meadows and rugged mountain terrain. The area is renowned for its picturesque views of the Ganesh Himal and the nearby peaks. Near Chhule, visitors can explore the sacred Phiren Phu Cave, also known as Pigeon Cave. This cave is historically significant as it is believed to have been a meditation site for the Tibetan Buddhist master Milarepa. The lifestyle in Chhule is deeply intertwined with traditional practices and the natural environment. The local community, primarily Tibetan in origin, engages in traditional farming and animal husbandry.
Mani Walls
The Tsum Valley is renowned for its extensive and spiritually significant mani walls, which are integral to the region’s Tibetan Buddhist culture. . Mani walls are stone structures adorned with inscriptions of the sacred mantra and other Buddhist symbols. These walls, covered in carved prayer stones inscribed with the mantra “Om Mani Padme Hum,” are prominent features along the trekking routes and near important monasteries. They serve as spiritual markers and are used by pilgrims and trekkers who walk around them in a clockwise direction to accumulate merit and purify their minds. The walls not only enhance the religious ambiance of the valley but also play a central role in local religious practices and ceremonies. Dzong Mani Wall and Phurbe Mani Wall are the longest mani walls that spans over 250 meters in the Tsum Valley. These impressive walls are a significant religious landmark and showcases intricate carvings that reflect the depth of local Buddhist devotion and craftsmanship.
Milarepa Piren Phu Cave
The cave in Tsum Valley famously known as Milarepa Cave is originally called Piren Phu, which translates to “Pigeons’ Cave.” It is situated near Bursi village, nestled at the base of a barren and unnamed cliff. The cave earned its renowned name due to its association with the Tibetan saint Milarepa, who is believed to have meditated here. According to local legend, Milarepa used this cave as a meditation retreat and would often disguise himself and walk down to the village to seek alms. It is believed that at Piren Phu dakinis, celestial beings, had transformed into doves to hear Milarepa’s teachings. The cave complex comprises three distinct yet neighboring areas: a meditation gumba for spiritual practice, a small cave featuring a prominent rock with Milarepa’s clear footprint, and another small gompa adorned with holy statues. Adjacent to the cave are two gumbas (monasteries) that house statues of Avalokiteshvara, Buddha, Tara, and Milarepa himself. The site offers stunning views of the Syar Khola, Rachen Gumba, the surrounding mountain range, and the picturesque Bursi village amidst its fertile landscape. Inside the cave, visitors can observe Milarep’s reputed footprints carved into the rock, along with finely painted murals and intricate artistic scripts that add to the cave’s spiritual and historical significance.
Mu Gumba
Mu Gompa, perched on a hill surrounded by towering peaks, is a haven of isolation and tranquility. Situated several hours’ walk from the nearest settlement, it offers an environment of profound silence, ideal for meditation. The monastery is home to about 20 monks who live, study, and practice in this serene location. The younger monks attend classes with the resident geshe, participate in pujas and ceremonies, and assist with daily tasks. The elder monks, some of whom have resided here for over 40 years, live in retreat and mentor the younger monks in their spiritual practices. The wind constantly whistles through the monastery’s eaves, a reminder of the harsh winters that define life here. The extreme conditions and lack of heating make survival challenging, with the regular food supply often dependent on the unpredictable weather. The high altitude restricts agriculture to hardy crops such as potatoes, barley, millet, and mustard seeds, which are used to make cooking oil. During the brief summer, only a few green vegetables can be grown in protected areas. A failed summer rain can lead to the constant threat of famine. Supplies must be transported from great distances: some come via yak caravans from Tibet, a two-day horse ride away, while others are sourced from the lower Gorkha region, requiring a five-day trek with pack horses. The high cost of transportation results in expensive food, clothing, medicines, and building materials.
Rachen Gumba
Rachen Nunnery, nestled in the Tsum Valley, is a vibrant community home to eighty nuns of varying ages who engage in meditation, prayer, and study. The transformation at Rachen has been remarkable. Initially, the nuns had to fetch water from the river for daily cooking and washing. Today, a piped water supply from a spring near a glacial lake ensures a reliable source of water, even during winter. Previously without electricity, the nuns used candles or butter lamps after dark. Now, they benefit from solar lighting, a solar shower, and low-wattage electricity from a nearby small hydroelectric plant. A small vegetable garden has been established under plastic covers to shield it from cold winds and night frosts. The nunnery has also developed a proper school offering classes in English, basic math, and science, along with Tibetan and Buddhist philosophy taught by a qualified geshe. The older nuns, some of whom have been here since Geshe Lama Konchok’s time as abbot in the 1970s, live in a dedicated retreat area. Health care has improved significantly with the presence of a resident Tibetan doctor who serves both the nuns and the local community. In recent years, new facilities, including warm and spacious rooms, a kitchen, a dining room, and classrooms, have been constructed. The nunnery not only provides food, medical care, and education for its residents but also serves as a crucial health resource for the local population, where health centers are scarce and often hours away.
Gurung People
The Gurung people are also called Tamu. They are an ethnic group in the hills and mountains of central Nepal. Priestly practitioners of the Gurung Dharma include Bon Lama (Lama), Ghyabri (Ghyabring) and Pachyu (Paju). Shamanistic elements among the Gurungs remain strong and most Gurungs often embrace Buddhist and Bon rituals in communal activities.
Nubri People
Nubri people live in mountain region which is very remote and difficult to access. Their lives have not changed for centuries. They are Buddhist and animistic in their beliefs. They are shepherds and keep yaks, goats and sheep. They grow their food in high altitude. Despite their hardship, they are warm and friendly people. There are only about 1500 Nubri people in Nepal.
Tsumba
Tsum Valley is the traditional homeland of the Tsumba Indigenous people, who speak Tsumke, a dialect influenced by Tibetan. In 1920, the Tsumba declared their land “Shyagya,” meaning a non-violent area, reflecting their deep-rooted Buddhist values and commitment to peace. The Tsumba’s lives are deeply influenced by their Buddhist heritage. They frequently visit Gumbas (Buddhist monasteries), participate in prayers, and celebrate various religious festivals, reinforcing their spirituality. The valley is home to significant Buddhist landmarks including Mani Bompos, Mani Walls, Kagnis, and Chhortens, which are central to their cultural and spiritual identity. The Tsumba consider the surrounding mountains as sacred abodes of gods, and the valley is revered as a beyul, a sacred hidden valley created by the 8th-century Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava). This reverence is reflected in the valley’s rich tapestry of religious and cultural practices. The Tsumba believe that the Buddhist saint Milarepa meditated in the local caves, further enhancing the valley’s spiritual significance. The entire Tsum Valley is seen as a sacred site, integral to the Tsumba’s cultural and religious practices. The Shyagya tradition, which underpins the Tsumba’s way of life, is based on non-violence as per Buddhist philosophy. This tradition includes specific prohibitions such as refraining from killing animals, hunting, and deforestation, which contribute to the conservation of both nature and cultural practices. The Tsumba engage in subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry. They grow a variety of crops including wheat, barley, mustard, and potatoes in the Upper Tsum, and wheat, maize, millet, and beans in the Lower Tsum. Animal husbandry is also significant, with livestock providing essential products for daily use. Additionally, the Tsumba collect Yarcha Gumba (Cordyceps sinensis) and wild garlic for supplementary income. Traditional crafts are an important part of Tsumba culture. Men are skilled in stone carving, including the creation of Mani stones, while both men and women contribute to weaving traditional clothing and carpets, which play a vital role in their cultural identity. Traditional leadership consists of customary community leaders like the Ghenchen (village leader) and Syara (clan leaders), who enforce community rules and manage local affairs. Village assemblies play a key role in decision-making processes. Traditional medicine is provided by Amchi, local doctors knowledgeable in herbal remedies. Lamas, or spiritual leaders, are central to preserving the valley’s religious and cultural practices, performing rituals and teaching spirituality. The Tsumba people of Tsum Valley live in a unique cultural and natural environment, shaped by their Buddhist beliefs and traditional practices. Their commitment to non-violence, conservation, and cultural preservation defines their way of life, making the Tsum Valley a fascinating and culturally rich area of Nepal.
Brahmin and Chettri
Brahmin and Chettri are mostly found in the lower part of Manaslu region. Brahmans and Chhetris speak the national language, Nepali, as their mother tongue. They are more involved in cultural and religious sector.
Lhosar
“Lhosar” means New Year. Known as the festival of mountain people or highlanders, it is celebrated by various ethnic groups following Buddhism like Sherpa, Hyolmo, Tamang and Gurung. Interestingly, these groups don’t celebrate the festival on the same day. There are three types of Lhosars namely Tamu Lhosar (Gurungs), Sonam Lhosar (Tamangs) and Gyalbu Lhosar (Sherpas and Hyolmos) celebrated on different dates based on lunar calendar starting from January to February. During the festival people offer prayers for good health and prosperity at homes and monasteries. They exchange various goods and gifts, organize feasts and perform dances.
Dhachyang Festival
In Tsum Valley, the Dhachyang Festival, held during December and January, is a vibrant and culturally significant event known as the Festival of the Horses. During this festival, horses are lavishly decorated and participate in a series of races, showcasing their beauty and speed. The event is a lively display of traditional equestrian skills and attracts participants and spectators from the local community. The festival not only celebrates the horses but also strengthens communal ties and preserves the region’s cultural heritage through its spirited festivities.
Saka Dawa Festival
The Saka Dawa Festival, celebrated in May, is an important Buddhist event in Tsum Valley that commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and parinirvana (death) of Lord Buddha. The festival is marked by religious ceremonies, including prayers, meditation, and offerings. In Tsum Valley, the celebrations are observed in monasteries and sacred sites, with locals engaging in spiritual practices and charitable activities. Saka Dawa provides an opportunity for reflection and devotion, deepening the community’s connection to Buddhist teachings and practices.
Dashain
Dashain is Nepal’s biggest festival, and people especially Hindus living in lower region of Annapurna also celebrate this festival. It is celebrated for fifteen days starting from the new moon of the Nepali month of Asoj (October/November). This festival marks the victory of goddess Durga over the demon king Mahisasur, or the victory of good over evil. People visit temples dedicated to goddess Durga. Children fly kites and play on swings supported by long bamboo poles throughout the festival. Tenth day, called as Vijaya Dashami, is the most important day of the festival. On this day people visit elders to receive blessings and tika (rice mixed with red vermilion put on the forehead). The barley sprouts (jamara) that were planted on Ghatasthapana are picked and worn in the hair.
Tihar
Tihar, the second biggest festival, lasts for five days. As with the rest of the country people especially Hindus, people living in lower region of Annapurna also celebrate this festival. The five day festivities mark the worshipping of Goddess Laxmi and different birds and animals like crow, dog, cow and ox. The third day is called Laxmi Puja or Deepawali on which people decorate their houses with lights and flower. On fifth day called as Bhai Tika, sisters worship brothers and exchange gifts. In short, celebration among families, relations and friends. Pujas (worship), lights, colors, flowers, new clothes, feasts and merriment, all these make up the joyous festival of Tihar.
Your booking of this Tsum Valley Trek will be confirmed by email once we receive your deposit of $500 and the signed copy of booking form and contract. The balance is due no later than two months prior to departure. If you book a tour less than 2 months prior to departure, you must send the full payment within 7 days of confirmation by us.
If you cancel your booking, the following scale of charges will apply: • 2 months before departure – Loss of deposit (US$ 500) • 29 days to 2 months before departure – 30% of total trip cost • 10 to 28 days before departure – 60% of total trip cost • Less than 10 days before departure – 100% of total trip cost
In addition to your Tsum Valley Trek, we can organize extensions both within Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan, etc. You may want to try water rafting or a jungle safari in Nepal or Nepal Cultural Tour. You may as well take a trip to Tibet or Bhutan, whichever seems more appealing to you.
It is fundamental to acknowledge that Tsum Valley Trek is an adventure tour. This requires some flexibility. The day to day itinerary is taken only as a guideline. We cannot be held responsible for any delays caused by International or domestic flights, strikes, Government regulations, weather or natural casualties etc. In such cases, Explore Himalaya shall provide suitable alternatives which will be decided upon mutual agreement. If you have any questions regarding this trip, please feel free to contact us at enquiry@explorehimalaya.com or directly by phone: +977-1-4518100. We answer all enquiries within 24 hours.
Being back for two weeks in Belgium, after another splendid Himalaya trek in Nepal. I wanted to thank you for the great job you have done, in the difficult days in the beginning of October. The Tsum trekking was great, but still we are thinking what it would have been like up there in Dolpo. After reading so many books about the Cristal mountain and his surroundings we are still hoping to get there once… I prefer May 2011 for the new Dolpo trekking.
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