Himlung Expedition

ANNAPURNA REGION

Annapurna region lies in the western part of Nepal covering Gandaki and Dhaulagiri zones of Gandaki Province. Known around the world for its exemplary trekking trails, the region boasts of being the home to some of the highest peaks in the world including Annapurna I (8091 m / 26545 ft), Annapurna II (7937 m / 26040 ft), Annapurna III (7555 m / 24787 ft), Annapurna IV (7525 m / 24688 ft), Annapurna South (7219 m/ 23684 m), Tilicho Peak (7134 m / 23406 ft), Khangsar Khang (7485 m / 24557 ft), Gangapurna (7455 m / 24459 ft), Machhapuchchhere (6993 m / 22943 ft),  , world’s deepest gorge Dana of Kali Gandaki, one of the world’s highest navigable pass Thorung La (5416 m / 17769 ft), some of the world’s highest freshwater lakes like  Tilicho Lake (4919 m / 16138 ft) and Kajin Sara Lake (5002 m / 16411 ft) and , diverse flora and fauna and the native homeland of world class Gurkha tribe the Gurungs and Magars. The region is regulated and managed by Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP), the first Conservation Area and the largest protected area of Nepal. The region’s biological diversity complimented by equally fascinating cultural diversity has made it a dream destination for trekking in Nepal.

CLIMATE, FLORA AND FAUNA

The climatic zone that you find during Annapurna Trek varies from subtropical to alpine. The southern slopes of the area has the highest rainfall rate in the country- 3000mm per year, whereas the northern slopes lying in the rain shadow has the lowest rate – less than 300mm per year. The difference in the climatic conditions in this region is responsible for its varied flora and fauna. The Annapurna region possesses a variety of flora and fauna. It stretches from the subtropical lowlands and the high temperate rhododendron forest in the south, to a dry alpine steppe environment in the North. The Southern lowlands are lush with subtropical forests consisting of chirpine and alder. In the Northern highlands temperate forests of oaks, rhododendron, fir, and blue pine are found. The wet regions yield a variety of bamboo species. The higher altitude further North give rise to forests of birch, blue pine and juniper trees, which are replaced by juniper and rhododendron in the far North. In the semi-desert rain shadow region, behind the Himalayas, bushes of caragana and juniper species are evident. It has several species of wildlife. There are around four hundred and seventy-four species of birds, and around a hundred species of mammals. The Annapurna region serves as an excellent habitat for rare and endangered mammals like the snow leopard, musk deer, blue sheep, red panda and many of Nepal’s brilliantly plumaged pheasants.

ANNAPURNA CONSERVATION AREA

Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) is a jewel nestled in the heart of Nepal’s Himalayas, encompassing 7,629 square kilometers of pristine wilderness. Established in 1992, it is Nepal’s largest protected area, celebrated for its spectacular natural beauty and ecological diversity.
At the core of the ACA lies the Annapurna Massif, which includes some of the world’s most iconic peaks, including Annapurna I, Annapurna II, Annapurna III, and Annapurna IV. The towering snow-capped mountains form a dramatic backdrop against lush green valleys, terraced fields, and serene lakes, creating a landscape that captivates the soul.
The area is home to an incredible range of ecosystems, from lush subtropical forests in the lower elevations to alpine meadows and arid high-altitude deserts above the treeline. This rich variety of habitats supports a diverse array of wildlife, including rare and endangered species such as the snow leopard, the red panda, and the Himalayan tahr. Birdwatchers will find the ACA particularly rewarding, with over 450 species of birds gracing the skies and forests.
The Annapurna Conservation Area is also a cultural haven. It is inhabited by several ethnic communities, including the Gurung, Magar, and Thakali peoples, who have lived in harmony with the land for centuries. The region is dotted with traditional villages

Manalsu Region

The Manaslu Region, located in the central part of Nepal, is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and challenging trekking routes. Named after Mount Manaslu (8,163 m/26,782 feet), the eighth-highest peak in the world, the region offers a blend of spectacular Himalayan landscapes and unique cultural experiences. The Manaslu Region is characterized by its dramatic topography, which includes rugged mountains, deep valleys, and fast-flowing rivers. The area is dominated by the Manaslu massif, and awe-inspiring views of snow-capped peaks, including Manaslu itself, along with neighboring giants like Himal Chuli and Ganesh Himal. The region also features diverse ecosystems, from lush subtropical forests and terraced fields to alpine meadows and arid high-altitude landscapes. The Manaslu Circuit, one of Nepal’s classic trekking routes, is the primary attraction in the region. This trek offers a challenging yet rewarding adventure, taking trekkers around the Manaslu massif and crossing the Larkye La Pass at 5,106 meters (16,752 feet). The circuit provides a mix of rugged terrain, cultural encounters with Tibetan-influenced villages, and breathtaking mountain views. Other notable treks include the Manaslu Base Camp Trek, Tsum Valley Trek, Ganesh Himal Base Camp Trek, etc. The region is also known for its less frequented trails, providing a more remote and tranquil trekking experience compared to more popular routes like the Annapurna. The Manaslu Region is home to a rich tapestry of cultures and traditions. The local communities are primarily of Tibetan origin, including the Gurung, Sherpa, and Tamang people. These communities maintain a unique way of life influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, which is evident in their monasteries, prayer flags, and mani walls. Tsum Valley, Samagaon and Samdo offer an insight into traditional Tibetan culture and the lifestyle of the mountain people. The Manaslu Conservation Area, established in 1998, encompasses the region and aims to preserve its diverse flora and fauna, as well as the cultural heritage of the area. The conservation efforts help protect the habitat of several endangered species, including the snow leopard and the red panda. The region’s environment is also crucial for maintaining the balance of local ecosystems and supporting sustainable tourism. Access to the Manaslu Region typically begins from the town of Soti Khola, reached via a drive from Kathmandu. The trek requires a special permit and is often arranged through trekking agencies, as the area is less developed compared to more popular trekking regions. Due to its remote nature and challenging terrain, the Manaslu Region is best suited for experienced trekkers seeking adventure and solitude. The Manaslu Region offers a compelling combination of natural grandeur, cultural richness, and adventure. It is a destination for those seeking to experience the raw beauty of the Himalayas and immerse themselves in the traditional lifestyles of its mountain communities.

MANASLU CONSERVATION AREA

The Manaslu Conservation Area, established by the government of Nepal in 1998, covers an area of 1,663 square kilometers. This protected region is renowned for its diverse range of habitats, which support a rich array of wildlife. The conservation area extends from the subtropical lowlands at around 600 meters to the majestic summit of Mount Manaslu, standing at 8163 meters—the eighth highest peak in the world. The Manaslu Conservation Area is home to around 2,000 plant species, with 11 different types of forests and over 50 species of plants with medicinal and practical uses. Its varied climate zones, ranging from subtropical to nival, create a mosaic of environments that support 33 mammal species, including the elusive snow leopard and the red panda. Additionally, the area hosts 110 bird species, such as the endangered Himalayan monal, 11 butterfly species, and 3 species of reptiles. The preservation of these diverse ecosystems and species is crucial for maintaining the region’s ecological balance and supporting sustainable tourism and local livelihoods.

The culture of the Manaslu region is distinct, with the majority of its inhabitants of Tibetan origin practicing Buddhism. Economically, the locals depend on agriculture and animal husbandry, relying heavily on natural resources for firewood, timber, and medicinal plants. They also participate in trade and tourism-related activities. Agricultural output is limited due to the scarce arable land, inadequate irrigation, prolonged cold temperatures, and low rainfall. The region’s rich cultural heritage is reflected in its prominent Buddhist monasteries, such as Shringi Gumba in Bihi, and Mu and Rachen Gumbas in Chhekampar. The harmonious relationship between religion and environmental conservation is evident, as local Lamas (religious leaders) prohibit any harm to wildlife, significantly benefiting the region’s wildlife prosperity.

CLIMATE, FLORA AND FAUNA

The Manaslu region, stretching from Arughat to Larkye La (Pass), encompasses six climatic zones due to its varied elevation. The tropical zone, below 1,000 meters, includes low river basins and valleys with warm temperatures. Between 1,000 and 2,000 meters, the subtropical zone experiences summer temperatures of 31-34°C and winter temperatures of 8-13°C. The temperate zone, from 2,000 to 3,000 meters, has summer temperatures of 22-25°C and winter temperatures of -2 to 6°C, with frequent frost and snowfall in winter. The subalpine zone, between 3,000 and 4,000 meters, sees cold winters and snowfall from December to May, with summer temperatures around 6-10°C. The alpine zone, from 4,000 to 5,000 meters, consists mainly of open meadows. The arctic zone, above 4,500 meters, features extreme cold and snow, with the snow line around 5,000 meters. The monsoon from June to September provides most of the annual rainfall, while the post-monsoon and winter months are generally dry. The southern part of the region is wetter and cloudier compared to the drier upper areas.

The vegetation in the Manaslu region is primarily categorized into three altitude-based types: Low hill, Middle mountain, and High mountain. Each category features distinct dominant forests and associated species. However, vegetation types often overlap due to variations in aspect and micro-climate. While the forest types are generally well-defined, the flora in different forest types and adjacent areas can be quite similar, especially for Non-Timber Forest Products like medicinal herbs and aromatic plants, which frequently appear across various forest types. The area is noted for its diverse vegetation, with 19 distinct forest types and other dominant plant forms recorded.

Manaslu region features a variety of habitats that support numerous rare species. This includes animals like the snow leopard, lynx, musk deer, red fox, jackal, and brown bear, as well as their prey such as blue sheep, Himalayan tahr, Himalayan serow, woolly hare, and Himalayan marmot. The area is also inhabited by various bird species, including the snow partridge, Tibetan snowcock, chukor partridge, Himalayan griffon, and golden eagle, alongside a diverse range of plant communities.

PEAKS

Annapurna I

Annapurna I, standing majestically at 8,091 meters (26,545 feet), graces the Himalayas as one of the world’s most enchanting yet formidable peaks. Located in awe-inspiring Annapurna massif, it is the 10^th highest mountain on Earth and captivates climbers with both its breathtaking beauty and its daunting challenges. First conquered on June 3, 1950, by the intrepid French expedition led by Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal, Annapurna I hold a special place in mountaineering history. Their successful ascent was a pioneering feat, marking the first time anyone had reached the summit of an 8,000 – meter peak. The mountain’s allure is undeniable, with its snow-covered slopes and dramatic landscapes, yet it demands great respect. Its notorious conditions — frequent avalanches, fierce weather, and technical climbing challenges — make it a true test of endurance and skill. Climbers who are drawn to Annapurna I are lured by the promise of adventure and the chance to experience the mountain’s awe-inspiring splendor. Despite its dangers, the mountain’s grandeur continues to inspire and attract those seeking to push their limits and embrace the extraordinary.

Annapurna II

Annapurna II, with its impressive height of 7,937 meters (26,040 feet), is renowned for its stunning and dramatic appearance. The mountain features a strikingly steep and pyramidal shape, with its summit often shrouded in a veil of snow and ice. Its north face is particularly notable for its sheer, which rise almost vertically from the surrounding terrain. The peak’s rugged contours and the surrounding glaciers create a breathtaking visual contrast against the deep blue sky, enhancing its majestic allure. The mountain’s remote location and challenging ascent add to its enigmatic and awe-inspiring presence. The peak was first ascended in 1960 by a collaborative British, Indian, and Nepalese team led by J. O. M. Roberts. They reached the summit via the West Ridge, after scaling the North Face of Annapurna IV. The summit party included Richard Grant, Chris Bonington, and Ang Nyima Sherpa.

Annapurna III

Annapurna III, standing at 7,555 meters (24,787 feet), presents a visually dramatic profile with its steep, formidable slopes and sharp ridges. The mountain’s appearance is characterized by its rugged and almost cathedral-like south face, which rises steeply and is often adorned with snow and ice formations. The peak is encircled by a ring of sharp pinnacles and cliffs, giving it a particularly imposing and majestic look. The interplay of light and shadow on its icy surfaces creates a dynamic and ever-changing appearance, making Annapurna III a captivating sight for those who view it from afar or approach its base. It was first ascended on May 6, 1961, by an Indian expedition led by Captain Mohan Singh Kohli. They reached the summit via the Northeast Face. The successful summit team included Mohan Singh Kohli, Sonam Gyatso, and Sonam Girmi.

Annapurna IV

Annapurna IV, at 7,525 meters (24,688 feet), is distinguished by its elegant yet rugged silhouette. The peak features a series of sharp ridges and snowy slopes that contribute to its striking and somewhat less symmetrical form compared to its neighboring peaks. The mountain’s appearance is marked by its less prominent but still significant snow fields and ice-covered faces, which blend harmoniously with the surrounding terrain. Annapurna IV’s remote and isolated position within the Annapurna massif adds to its allure, offering a serene and somewhat mysterious aspect that stands out amidst the grand Himalayas. It was first climbed in 1955 by a German expedition led by Heinz Steinmetz, who reached the summit via the North Face and Northwest Ridge. The successful summit team included Steinmetz, Harald Biller, and Jurgen Wellenkamp.

Gangapurna

Gangapurna, standing at 7,455 meters (24,459 feet), is a captivating gem in the Annapurna massif of Nepal. Its snow-capped summit and rugged ridges create a majestic and serene presence. From its camp, the view of Gangapurna is truly enchanting. The peak rises gracefully, its glistening snow contrasting beautifully with the deep green of the valley below and the crystal-clear sky above. At sunrise and sunset, Gangapurna’s slopes are bathed in a soft, golden light, enhancing its ethereal charm. The sight of this magnificent peak, framed by its dramatic ice fields and shimmering glaciers, offers a breathtaking panorama that captures the heart and soul of anyone fortunate enough to witness it. On May 6, 1965, Gangapurna was first climbed by a German expedition led by Erich Reismueller, along with Ang Temba Sherpa and Phu Dorjee Sherpa. The team successfully reached the summit via the mountain’s south face and east ridges.

Tilicho Peak

Tilicho Peak, standing at 7,134 meters (23,406 feet), is a striking and majestic mountain located in the Annapurna massif of Nepal. It is renowned for its dramatic appearance and challenging climbing routes, making it a notable destination for experienced mountaineers. The mountain’s rugged, ice-covered slopes and dramatic ridges create a captivating sight, particularly at sunrise and sunset when the snow and ice catch the soft, golden light. The first ascent of Tilicho Peak was achieved in 1978 by French climber Emanuel Schmutz, who successfully reached the summit using the northwest shoulder.

Pisang Peak

Pisang Peak, standing at 6,091 meters (19,984 feet), is a prominent and striking mountain located in the Annapurna region. The peak is part of the Damodar range, which rises gracefully above the Pisang village and offers breathtaking views of the surrounding Himalayan landscapes. Peak is renowned for its striking appearance, featuring a series of snow-covered ridges and ice fields that create a dramatic contrast against the clear blue sky. The first successful ascent of Pisang Peak was achieved on June 10, 1955 by Juergen Wellenkamp. The peak’s combination of challenging climbs and stunning vistas makes it a popular destination for trekkers and mountaineers seeking to experience the beauty and adventure of the Himalayas.

Manaslu

Mount Manaslu, also known as Kampunge, is the eighth-highest mountain in the world, rising to an elevation of 8,163 meters (26,782 feet). The peak is part of the Manaslu massif. The name “Manaslu” derives from the Sanskrit word “manasa,” which translates to “intellect” or “soul.” The first successful ascent of Manaslu was achieved on May 9, 1956, by a Japanese expedition led by Toshio Imanishi and Gyaltsen Norbu Sherpa. Manaslu is also famous for its trekking routes. The Manaslu Circuit, a popular trekking route, offers stunning views of the mountain and the surrounding landscapes while allowing trekkers to experience the local culture and traditional villages. The circuit is considered one of Nepal’s classic treks and provides a less crowded alternative to the Annapurna and Everest regions.

Machhapuchchhere

Machhapuchchhre, also known as Fishtail Peak, is a distinctive mountain in the Annapurna Himalayas of Nepal, reaching an elevation of 6,993 meters (22,943 feet). Its unique, double-peaked shape resembles a fish’s tail, which is how it got its name. Machhapuchchhre is widely regarded as one of the most beautiful mountain peaks in the world. Its unique and captivating profile makes it a standout feature of the region. Machhapuchchhre exhibits dramatic vertical relief over a short horizontal distance. This, coupled with its steep, pointed profile, renders it a particularly striking peak, even though its elevation is lower than some of its neighboring giants. The mountain’s distinctive double summit resembles a fish’s tail, which is reflected in its name, meaning “fish’s tail” in Nepali. It holds significant spiritual value for the local Gurung and Magar communities. The Annapurna Base Camp Trek and the Mardi Himal Trek offer spectacular views of the mountain, allowing visitors to appreciate its beauty and grandeur. This peak remains unclimbed. The government of Nepal has not issued permits for climbing the summit, preserving its sacred and untouched status. The only confirmed attempt occurred in 1957 when a British team led by Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Roberts made their ascent attempt.

Himlung Himal

Himlung Himal (7,126 m/23,379 ft) is situated close to the Tibetan border in the Manaslu region, northeast of the Annapurna range. The Nepalese government opened this remote region to climbers in 1992. The expedition route to Himlung Himal typically follows the Annapurna Circuit to Koto and then heads towards Nar-Phu Gaon. This journey traverses high peaks, passes, remote villages, narrow gullies, forests, rocks, springs, and Gompas, offering a rich cultural experience amidst untouched landscapes. Due to its isolation, the region remains relatively unexplored by tourists. The first ascent of Himlung Himal was achieved on October 3, 1992, by Osamu Hanai, Akio Koizumi, and Nima Sherpa.

Kang Garu

Kang Garu (6,981 m/22,104 ft) is a notable peak in the Manang region of Gandaki Province. It is the highest peak in the Larkya sub-range of the Peri Himal, situated northwest of the Mansiri Himal (including Manaslu) and northeast of the Annapurnas. The peak was first ascended in 1955 by Heinz Steinmetz, Fritz Lobbichler, and Jurgen Wellenkamp. Kang Guru is known for its challenging terrain and remote location. The mountain is also remembered for a tragic event on October 20, 2005, when a severe avalanche, caused by heavy snowfall, hit a French expedition’s base camp. The avalanche claimed the lives of all seven French climbers and 11 Nepalese staff. The disaster swept the victims into a steep gorge, with only a few porters surviving. Recovery efforts initially yielded limited results, with only one body found initially. It wasn’t until July 2006 that the remaining bodies were recovered. The French climbers were identified through dental records, and compensation was provided to the families of the Nepalese victims.

Nemjung

Nemjung (7,339 m/24,078 ft) is a prominent peak in the Himalayas, located about 25 kilometers northwest of the eight-thousander Manaslu. Prior to 1992, the peak was mistakenly referred to as Himlung Himal. During that period, many mountaineering teams attempting Himlung were actually climbing Nemjung. In the 1990s, as the Nepalese government clarified the borders with China, the name Himlung Himal was officially reassigned to a peak about 4 kilometers north, with Nemjung remaining as the highest among the three peaks of the Nemjung, Himjung, and Himlung Himal range. Nemjung was first climbed on October 27, 1983, by a team consisting of Makito Minami, Wataru Saito, Ken Takahashi, and Kirki Lama.

Gyaji Khang

Gyaji Khang (7,038 m/23,091 ft) is a striking peak in the Peri Himal, located northeast of Manang in Nepal. Located in the Naar Phu Valley, a remote and less-explored region of the Manang District, Gyaji Khang presents a significant challenge for mountaineers. To reach Gyajikang’s base camp, trekkers typically follow the Annapurna Circuit, beginning in Besi Shahar and making their way to Koto. From Koto, the route leads through the Naar and Phu valleys, offering a journey through stunning landscapes and traditional villages before arriving at the base camp. This approach allows climbers to experience the rich cultural and natural beauty of the Naar Phu region before undertaking the ascent. The peak was first successfully climbed on October 7, 1994, by a team led by Toshisada Hasegawa, Yousuke Kokubo, Osamu Tanabe, Ram Kaji Sivakoti, Pasang Tshering Sherpa, and Dambar Bahadur Gurung.

Lamjung Himal

Lamjung Himal stands as a notable peak in Annapurna region, reaching an elevation of 6,983 meters (22,910 feet). This mountain is part of the Annapurna Massif and is known for its rugged terrain and impressive height. The mountain’s snow-capped summit pierces the sky, contrasting vividly against the deep blue of the high-altitude heavens. Its towering ridges and jagged peaks are draped in a cloak of pristine white, shimmering under the golden rays of the sun. As you approach, the sight of Lamjung Himal commands awe, with its formidable slopes and serene glaciers that glisten like diamonds. The summit of Lamjung Himal was first successfully reached on April 25, 1974, by Derrick Chamberlain and Phillip Neame.

PLACES

Besisahar
Besisahar is a charming town perched at an elevation of approximately 760 meters (2493 feet) in Nepal’s Lamjung District, serving as the picturesque gateway to the Annapurna Circuit. Nestled in a lush valley with the Marshyangdi River meandering through, Besisahar boasts a serene setting framed by verdant hills and terraced fields. The town’s scenic beauty is complemented by its vibrant atmosphere, with bustling markets and lively local life adding to its appeal. The friendly ambiance and the surrounding landscapes create a welcoming environment for travelers embarking on their Himalayan adventure.
Dharapani
Dharapani (1860 m / 6102 ft) is a lively village in the Manang District and serves as a key stop along the Annapurna Circuit. Dharapani is characterized by its vibrant atmosphere, featuring a mix of traditional Tibetan and Gurung influences. The surrounding landscape offers picturesque views and opportunities for cultural exploration. The weather in Dharapani is generally milder compared to higher altitudes, but trekkers should still be prepared for variable conditions. The village is also a gateway to further adventures in the Annapurna region, including the Annapurna Circuit, Naar Phu Valley and Manaslu Circuit, making it a significant hub for trekkers, providing a comfortable base for continued trekking and exploration.
Koto
Koto (2600 m /8530 ft) is a quaint village in Manang District and serves as a crucial gateway to the Naar Phu Valley. Nestled in the foothills of the Himalayas, Koto provides an entry point for trekkers exploring the remote and rugged terrain of the Naar Phu region. The village features traditional stone architecture, reflecting the local Tibetan-influenced style, and is surrounded by verdant forests and the confluence of Marshyangdi River and Naar Phu Khola, enhancing its picturesque setting. The village’s relaxed atmosphere and traditional charm provide a unique cultural experience, allowing visitors to engage with the local community and gain insight into their way of life. With its blend of natural beauty and cultural richness, Koto is an ideal spot for trekkers to acclimatize and immerse themselves in the serene beauty of the Himalayas before venturing further into the Naar Phu Valley.
Phu
Phu Village (4080 m / 13386 ft) is a remote and culturally rich settlement nestled in the Naar-Phu Valley. The village is renowned for its traditional Tibetan-influenced culture and breathtaking Himalayan scenery. Locals believe that the dry-stone walled village of Phu has been inhabited for about 800 years, and this long history is evident as you explore the area. The village’s ancient mud and rock structures with thatched roofs, set against a stunning backdrop, provide a glimpse into a unique way of life shaped by Tibetan Buddhism. As you wander through the village, you may be lucky enough to be invited into a local home to enjoy traditional salt-butter tea. This gesture of hospitality allows you to engage with the locals and experience their way of life firsthand. On the far side of the river, a peninsula of loose rock carved by two rivers rises above Phu. Climbing to the top reveals Tashi Gompa, a historic Tibetan monastery that offers not only spiritual insight but also breathtaking views of the surrounding Himalayas. Phu Village offers a leisurely pace for exploring its religious rituals, rich ecology, and traditional culture. You can visit local monasteries, learn about the village’s history, and interact with various ethnic groups such as the Ghale, Gurung, and Lama. A short hike to Tashi Lhakhang or a visit to Himlung Base Camp (4,540 meters / 14,895 feet) can add to the adventure.
Naar Village
Naar Village (4110 m / 13484 ft) is a captivating destination in the Naar Phu Valley. Set in a natural bowl surrounded by terraced fields, the village provides a picturesque and serene environment that offers a perfect setting for exploration and relaxation. Naar Village is renowned for its well-preserved Tibetan culture and traditional lifestyle. The village’s architecture reflects its cultural heritage, with traditional stone houses and numerous monasteries and chortens (stupas) dotting the landscape. This cultural richness is evident in the daily life of the villagers, where ancient customs and rituals are still practiced. One of the notable aspects of Naar Village is its emphasis on Buddhism. It is common for at least one child from each family to study Buddhism, reflecting the deep-rooted spiritual practices within the community. Engaging with the villagers offers insights into their traditional way of life, including their vibrant festivals and intricate handicrafts. The surrounding terraced fields and stunning mountain views add to the village’s charm. The peaceful environment and picturesque setting make Naar Village a perfect retreat for those seeking an authentic and enriching cultural experience.
Kang La
At an altitude of 5306 meters (17408 feet), Kang La Pass stands as a pivotal crossing point between the Naar Phu Valley and the Annapurna Circuit. This high mountain pass, renowned for its striking vistas, is a significant feature of treks in this region of Nepal. From the Kang La Pass, trekkers are treated to a panorama of stunning Himalayan scenery. To the south, the impressive Annapurna Range dominates the horizon, including Annapurna II and Annapurna IV, their snow-capped summits standing in stark contrast against the deep blue sky. To the northwest, the pass provides expansive views of the Manaslu Range, including the towering Manaslu itself, which is one of the highest peaks in the region. The northern views extend towards the Tibetan Plateau, offering a rare glimpse of the remote and expansive landscapes that stretch beyond the Nepalese border. The Naar Phu Valley, visible from the pass, reveals its rugged terrain and traditional Tibetan villages, adding to the allure of the panorama. The intricate patterns of the valley’s fields and settlements are laid out below, framed by the dramatic landscape. The terrain visible from Kang La Pass is as diverse as it is breathtaking, featuring rocky slopes, snowfields, and glaciers that highlight the rugged beauty of the Himalayas. Crossing the Kang La Pass is both a physical challenge and a remarkable experience, rewarding trekkers with some of the most spectacular and panoramic views in the Himalayan region.
Ngawal
Ngawal (3660 m / 12008 ft), also called as Nawal, is a charming village located along the Annapurna Circuit or Naar Phu via Kang La Trek. Ngawal stands out for its traditional Tibetan-style architecture and breathtaking panoramic views. The village is characterized by its classic stone-built houses with flat roofs, designed to withstand the harsh weather conditions of the high Himalayas. From Ngawal, trekkers can enjoy spectacular vistas of the surrounding Annapurna and Himalayas ranges. Ngawal is not only a visual delight but also a cultural treasure. The village features several monasteries and religious sites, offering a glimpse into the local Buddhist practices and traditions. The traditional Tibetan architecture and the serene atmosphere of the village provide a peaceful retreat for those journeying through the Annapurna Circuit. Visitors to Ngawal will find a warm and welcoming community, with opportunities to engage with locals and experience the rich cultural heritage of the region. Whether admiring the stunning landscapes or exploring the village’s cultural sites, Ngawal serves as a memorable stop on the Annapurna Circuit or Naar Phu via Kang La Trek.
Ghyaru
Ghyaru (3670 m / 12041 ft) is a picturesque village along the Annapurna Circuit or Naar Phu via Kang La Trek. This remote and traditional village is perched on a ridge, offering spectacular panoramic views of the surrounding peaks, including Annapurna II, Annapurna IV, and the towering Gangapurna. Ghyaru is characterized by its traditional stone houses with flat roofs, designed to withstand the harsh weather conditions of the high Himalayas. The village layout reflects its ancient heritage, with narrow, winding alleyways and terraces used for farming barley and other crops. The village is deeply rooted in Tibetan Buddhist traditions. Ghyaru’s religious life is centered around its small but significant monastery. This monastery serves as a cultural and spiritual center, where locals practice their Buddhist rituals and ceremonies. The surrounding landscape features a dramatic contrast of rugged mountain terrain and lush green fields. The ridge on which Ghyaru is situated gives trekkers an elevated perspective of the entire valley below, enhancing the trekking experience.
Pisang
Upper Pisang (3300 m / 10827 ft) is a charming village. Perched on a scenic plateau overlooking the Marsyangdi River, Upper Pisang offers breathtaking views of the Annapurna and Pisang peaks. The village is divided into Lower Pisang, which is more developed, and Upper Pisang, which provides a more authentic glimpse of traditional mountain life and culture. A highlight of Upper Pisang is its Tibetan Buddhist monastery, or Gumba. This traditional monastery, built in classic Tibetan style with stone walls and colorful frescoes, serves as a central spiritual and cultural hub for the local community. Inside, visitors can find a range of religious artifacts, including statues, thangkas, and ceremonial items. The monastery’s daily rituals, such as prayer sessions and chanting, offer visitors a rare opportunity to witness the spiritual practices of Tibetan Buddhism. The village itself is characterized by its traditional stone houses with flat roofs, narrow alleys, and terraced fields. The architecture is adapted to the high-altitude environment and blends harmoniously with the natural surroundings. Visitors can explore the village to experience local life, interact with the friendly Gurung and Tibetan inhabitants, and observe traditional customs and handicrafts. The trek from Lower Pisang involves a steady ascent through lush forests and terraced fields, culminating in stunning views of Pisang Peak and the Annapurna range. The area provides ample opportunities for scenic hikes and exploration.
Dhikur Pokhari
Dhikur Pokhari (3060 m / 10039 ft) is a stop along the Annapurna Circuit trek. Positioned between the larger settlements of Chame and Pisang, Dhikur Pokhari offers trekkers a tranquil respite amidst its picturesque surroundings. The village is named after a small, scenic lake or “pokhari” in the area, which adds to the place’s charm and provides a peaceful spot for reflection. The area is known for its stunning natural beauty, with views of the surrounding peaks and forests creating a picturesque backdrop. Dhikur Pokhari’s peaceful ambiance and scenic landscape make it an ideal place for trekkers to rest and enjoy the serenity of the Annapurna region.
Bhratang
Bhratang (2850 m / 9350 ft) is a charming spot known for its lush apple orchards. Bhratang provides a serene environment with its terraced fields and rural landscapes, offering a glimpse into local life and agriculture. Bhratang’s apple farms are particularly noteworthy; the region’s climate is ideal for cultivating a variety of apples, and visitors often enjoy fresh fruit from these orchards. A highlight of Bhratang is its tranquil setting, which provides a welcome break for trekkers. The village is a peaceful stopover, allowing travelers to rest and soak in the natural beauty of the surrounding mountains and verdant fields. There is also a rock climbing site around Bhratang.
Chame
Chame (2670 m /8760 ft) is a pivotal village on the Annapurna Circuit trek. As the administrative center of the district, Chame plays a crucial role in the trekker’s journey, offering both practical amenities and cultural experiences. Located in a scenic valley alongside the Marsyangdi River, the village is surrounded by the dramatic peaks of the Annapurna and Lamjung Himal ranges, providing breathtaking views that are a highlight for many trekkers. The village’s charm is enhanced by its cultural diversity, blending influences from Tibetan and local Gurung communities. This cultural amalgamation is reflected in the traditional stone houses, vibrant prayer flags, and the local customs. Chame’s atmosphere is both serene and vibrant offering a warm welcome to visitors. Chame is also home to several monasteries and temples, where trekkers can gain insights into the region’s Buddhist heritage. These sites offer a peaceful retreat for reflection and a deeper understanding of the local spiritual practices.

PEOPLE

The Gurungs form the largest group in the Annapurna region. They come from Tibeto Burmese stock. Although essentially Animist and Buddhist, some lowland Gurungs have converted to Hinduism. They inhabit the higher northern slopes of the Annapurna, Lamjung Chuli and hills around Ganesh Himal. A large number of Gurung men serve in the British and Indian armies.
The immediate vicinity of Pokhara is largely populated by Chettris and Bahuns (Brahmins). They also live around the historic site of the old Gorkha kingdom. The Magars inhabit the lower trail between Baglung and Dana. They live high on the steep ridges along the tributaries of Kali Gandaki.

Another ethnic group of this region is the Thakalis. Known throughout the country as accomplished hoteliers and skilled traders, they are noted for their aggressive trading spirit. They make up one of the few richer groups of people in Nepal. The Jomsom trek passes through Thak Khola, the Thakali homeland.

The people living in the upper Marshyandi valley are generally known as Mananges. In the Nyeshang area, under which fall the villages of Manang, Braga and Ngawal, people are of Tibetan origin. But their language Nyeshang is not a Tibetan dialect. This area is popularly known by the name of its largest village Manang.

The Bhotias of the Nar Phu Valley in northern Nepal, near the Tibetan border, blend Tibetan culture with high-altitude traditions. This remote area, known for its rugged terrain and harsh climate, has preserved their unique way of life. Ethnically Tibetan, the Bhotias speak a Tibetic dialect and follow Tibetan Buddhism, marked by vibrant rituals and reverence for local deities. They traditionally farm hardy crops like barley and potatoes and rely on yaks for milk, meat, and wool. Their stone and wood homes are built to withstand the tough conditions. Socially, they live in extended family units with a strong sense of community. Despite the protection isolation offers, challenges arise from limited modern amenities and economic opportunities. As tourism grows, balancing modernity with preserving their cultural heritage remains crucial.

FESTIVALS

Lhosar

Lhosar, also spelled Losar or Lhochhar, signifies the Tibetan New Year and translates to “new year” or “new Barga.” The term “Lho” refers to year or age, while “char” or “saar” means new, collectively denoting the concept of a new year. The Lhosar festival follows a 12-year cycle, with each year being one “Barga,” and the cycle completing after 12 years, known as “Lhokor.” The lunar calendar, which varies in its calculation of months and years based on full moons, affects the date of Lhosar celebrations, causing variations across different ethnic groups. Lhosar is a significant festival for Nepal’s Tibetan-origin communities, marking a new year and reflecting the deep cultural and historical ties to ancient lunar and solar traditions.

Marking the beginning of the lunar new year, Lhosar is a time for joy, renewal, and the strengthening of community ties. In Upper Mustang, Losar is celebrated with two distinct festivals: Chhegu Emma and Chhegu Semma, each lasting three days. These festivals are filled with traditional customs, including festive gatherings, lively dances, and communal feasts. Locals come together to visit relatives, exchange greetings, and celebrate with traditional music and dance. The celebrations are a colorful display of Tibetan heritage, showcasing the deep-rooted traditions and communal spirit of the Mustang people. Manang, with its own unique cultural practices, also observes Lhosar with great enthusiasm. The festival in this region reflects a blend of Tibetan and local traditions, offering a rich tapestry of rituals and celebrations. Families and friends gather to celebrate, with activities including traditional dances, special meals, and festive gatherings that highlight the region’s vibrant cultural heritage. Travelers looking to experience

Archery Festival

The Archery Festival, celebrated in April or May, is a time-honored tradition that dates back to the era of Nepal’s many small kingdoms. Originally devised as a means for kings to demonstrate their prowess and win favor, this lively festival now unfolds over four days. Villagers gather in Chame, forming two teams for an exciting archery competition overseen by the chief Lama. Alongside the archery contest, a charming competition among young girls for garlands of rhododendron flowers adds a festive spirit. The final day features a ritual dance by the lamas, followed by the ceremonial destruction of effigies representing village demons. The winner, who hits the effigies, is honored as the “Hero of the Year” and receives a celebratory reward from the village chief. This festival aims to dispel evil spirits and usher in prosperity and happiness.

Horse Race Festival (Yarthung)

The Yarthung Festival, held in June or July, is a lively celebration that takes place in several upper Manang villages. The festival kicks off with horse riders and spectators donning traditional attire for a vibrant session of dance and music at Ta-Khill-Thang. The races themselves are followed by visits to Kargyu Gumba and Pocho Gumba, where participants light butter lamps and sing songs of good fortune. The festival is organized with the help of two appointed “Nandi” boys responsible for arrangements. Yarthung is a time of communal joy and rest, where villagers come together to celebrate and revel in merriment.

Badhe Festival

The Badhe Festival is a dramatic and colorful event held every three years in the fall. This traditional Nyeshang performing art, set against the backdrop of courtyards and terraced fields, narrates the epic tale of two warring brothers. Despite a decline in interest a decade ago, Badhe was revitalized in 2004, with costumes and finery brought out from local gumbas. Today, the festival continues to captivate with its vibrant displays and symbolic offerings, including tips of goat ears to represent the ancient sacrifice of twelve virgins. The festival celebrates the dramatic and cultural heritage of Manang with renewed enthusiasm.

Torkya Festival

Torkya, celebrated in early November in Ngawal village, marks the end of the harvest season. The festival begins with Buddhist lamas performing various rituals, including playing traditional instruments and chanting hymns. Young boys and girls participate in playful games, with boys teasing girls using animal horns. The lamas bless the villagers, who then offer milk and alcohol to the priests. Torkya, derived from “Torma” (dough offerings) and “Khyapa” (discard), is a festival of prayer and offering aimed at dispelling evil spirits and inviting prosperity for all living beings.

Dhuna Lake Festival

The Dhuna Lake Festival, celebrated at the high-altitude Dhuna Lake (4,700 meters), is a testament to the lake’s growing popularity. The trek to Dhuna Lake takes two days through dense forests of blue pine and vibrant rhododendrons. The lake, along with neighboring Ngyamcho, Pongker, and Himlung lakes, provides a habitat for diverse wildlife. Visitors are advised to hire experienced local guides, as the trail is remote and lacks tourist facilities. The best times to visit are July/August and April/May.

Dawa Dhukpa Festival

Dawa Dhukpa, celebrated in June, features a vibrant procession where young people carry the “Dukchhe” (a holy book of Lord Buddha) accompanied by drumbeats. Lamas perform rituals, blowing conch shells and circling the village throughout the day. The festival is believed to ensure a bountiful harvest and is marked by communal festivities.

Nei Festival

The Nei Festival in Ngawal village celebrates the sacred “Nen” cave, an ancient site worshipped according to Bon traditions. The cave’s mysterious depths are said to be connected to spiritual beliefs, with local legends claiming that objects placed inside the cave can appear far away. The festival highlights the area’s rich spiritual heritage and attracts visitors interested in its mystical significance.

Ong the Puja

Ong the Puja, held at Kera Gumba Dorje near Braga, involves elaborate rituals performed by Buddhist lamas. The festival features conch shell blowing, hymn chanting, and meditation, culminating in a vibrant celebration with drinking and dancing. The festival’s highlight is the 500-year-old hanging bow on a cliff, which is a focal point of the ceremonies. The event is a profound spiritual experience, combined with communal revelry as villagers return home.

Dashain

Dashain is Nepal’s biggest festival, and people especially Hindus living in lower region of Annapurna also celebrate this festival. It is celebrated for fifteen days starting from the new moon of the Nepali month of Asoj (October/November). This festival marks the victory of goddess Durga over the demon king Mahisasur, or the victory of good over evil. People visit temples dedicated to goddess Durga. Children fly kites and play on swings supported by long bamboo poles throughout the festival. Tenth day, called as Vijaya Dashami, is the most important day of the festival. On this day people visit elders to receive blessings and tika (rice mixed with red vermilion put on the forehead). The barley sprouts (jamara) that were planted on Ghatasthapana are picked and worn in the hair.

Tihar

Tihar, the second biggest festival, lasts for five days. As with the rest of the country people especially Hindus, people living in lower region of Annapurna also celebrate this festival. The five day festivities mark the worshipping of Goddess Laxmi and different birds and animals like crow, dog, cow and ox. The third day is called Laxmi Puja or Deepawali on which people decorate their houses with lights and flower. On fifth day called as Bhai Tika, sisters worship brothers and exchange gifts. In short, celebration among families, relations and friends. Pujas (worship), lights, colors, flowers, new clothes, feasts and merriment, all these make up the joyous festival of Tihar.